Latin American Consensus on the Management of Sepsis in Children: Sociedad Latinoamericana de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos [Latin American Pediatric Intensive Care Society] (SLACIP) Task Force: Executive Summary.

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop evidence-based recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of sepsis in children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), more specifically in Latin America. Design: A panel was formed consisting of 27 experts with experience in the treatment of pediatric sepsis and two methodologists working in Latin American countries. The experts were organized into 10 nominal groups, each coordinated by a member. Methods: A formal consensus was formed based on the modified Delphi method, combining the opinions of nominal groups of experts with the interpretation of available scientific evidence, in a systematic process of consolidating a body of recommendations. The systematic search was performed by a specialized librarian and included specific algorithms for the Cochrane Specialized Register, PubMed, Lilacs, and Scopus, as well as for OpenGrey databases for grey literature. The GRADEpro GDT guide was used to classify each of the selected articles. Special emphasis was placed on search engines that included original research conducted in LMICs. Studies in English, Spanish, and Portuguese were covered. Through virtual meetings held between February 2020 and February 2021, the entire group of experts reviewed the recommendations and suggestions. Result: At the end of the 12 months of work, the consensus provided 62 recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric sepsis in LMICs. Overall, 60 were strong recommendations, although 56 of these had a low level of evidence. Conclusions: These are the first consensus recommendations for the diagnosis and management of pediatric sepsis focused on LMICs, more specifically in Latin American countries. The consensus shows that, in these regions, where the burden of pediatric sepsis is greater than in high-income countries, there is little high-level evidence. Despite the limitations, this consensus is an important step forward for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric sepsis in Latin America.

Complete Resection of a Right-Sided Interventricular Septal Fibroma.

A 15-month-old infant with a systolic cardiac murmur developed an episode of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia during transthoracic echocardiography. A large intracardiac mass, which widened the interventricular septum causing right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, was seen and confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. A cardiac fibroma was suspected, and because of the risk of life-threatening arrhythmias, surgery was rapidly considered. Despite the challenging location, the tumor was completely and successfully resected. Microscopic examination confirms the diagnosis of ventricular fibroma.

Remodelación de cavidades izquierdas en el posoperatorio de retorno venoso pulmonar anómalo total: utilidad del NTProBNP / Left chambers remodeling after repair of TAPVR connection: usefulness of NTProBNP

Resumen: El retorno venoso pulmonar anómalo total se caracteriza por la falla de conexión entre la aurícula primitiva y el retorno venoso pulmonar, este último se conecta al retorno venoso sistémico a través de la persistencia de conexiones embrionarias. En esta patología, el ventrículo izquierdo suele tener un tamaño en el límite inferior de la normalidad, con una aurícula izquierda pequeña y atrófica. En el período posoperatorio las cavidades izquierdas deben manejar todo el retorno venoso pulmonar, lo que podría determinar sobrecarga de estas cavidades. Presentamos dos casos de posoperatorio de retorno venoso pulmonar anómalo total, evaluando la relación entre el tamaño auricular izquierdo y los niveles de péptido natriurético. Se plantea como hipótesis una disfunción en el llenado de cavidades izquierdas como sustrato causal de este fenómeno, teniendo como consecuencia modificaciones adaptativas anatómicas y funcionales. La determinación de los niveles de péptido natriurético podría ser útil en la monitorización de este proceso adaptativo.

Summary: Total anomalous pulmonary venous return is a congenital heart disease characterized by failure of connection between the primitive left atrium and the pulmonary venous return, the latter drains to the systemic venous return trough persistent embryologic connections. In this pathology there is a normal size, but rather small, left ventricle with a small and undeveloped left atrium. In the postoperative period, the left chambers must handle all the pulmonary venous return, which could mean an increased wall stress. The study presents two cases of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return, and the behavior of left atrial size and natriuretic peptide level after surgery. We set a hypothesis by which a dysfunction in the filling of the left chambers could explain this phenomenon and how this triggers compensatory modifications. Analyzing the level of natriuretic peptide might help monitor this process.

Anestesia para cirugía correctiva de escoliosis / Anesthesia for corrective surgery of scoliosis / Anestesia para a cirurgia corretiva de escoliose

La Unidad Docente Asistencial de Anestesiología Pediátrica del Centro Hospitalario Pereira Rossell integra el equipo multidisciplinario de tratamiento de las enfermedades de la columna vertebral desde hace cinco años. La escoliosis es una de las deformidades del raquis que puede requerir cirugía correctiva con implicancias anestesiológicas relevantes. Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo y descriptivo de 95 procedimientos anestesiológicos realizados a los pacientes que fueron sometidos a cirugía correctiva de escoliosis en el período comprendido entre marzo de 2.011 a marzo de 2.016. Los objetivos de este trabajo son comunicar nuestra experiencia junto con una revisión no sistematizada de la evidencia científica disponible en las bases de datos: Pubmed, Medline y SciELO. Concluimos que un manejo óptimo de los pacientes con escoliosis se logra realizando una adecuada evaluación perioperatoria.

The teaching care unit of pediatric anesthesiology of the Pereira Rossell Hospital has taken part for 5 years, in a multidisciplinary team which treats spinal disorders. Scoliosis is a deformity of the rachis that may require corrective surgery with relevant anesthesiological implications. We made a retrospective and descriptive study of 95 anesthesiological procedures realized to patients who had a scoliosis corrective surgery between March 2011 and March 2016. The objectives of this work is to communicate our experience together with a no systematic revision of the scientific evidence available on databases like: Pubmed, Medline and SciElo. The conclusions we have reach is that a better management of patients with scoliosis is achieved by making an adequate preoperative evaluation.

A Unidade Docente Assistencial de Anestesia Pediátrica de o Centro Hospitalar Pereira Rossell, faz cinco anos integra a equipe multidisciplinar de tratamento das doenças da coluna vertebral. A escoliose é uma das deformidades da raque que pode requerer cirurgia corretiva com implicações anestésicas relevantes. Realizamos um estudo retrospectivo e descritivo de 95 procedimentos anestésicos realizados aos pacientes que foram a cirurgia corretiva de escolioses no período compreendido entre março de 2011 a março de 2016. Os objetivos deste trabalho é comunicar nossa experiência e fazer uma revisão não sistematizada da evidencia cientifica disponível nas bases de dados: Pubmed, Medline e Scielo. Concluímos que um manejo ótimo dos pacientes com escolioses se obtém realizando uma apropriada avaliação perioperatoria.